Monthly Reducing Balance  ·  Indian Banks Standard

Loan EMI & Repayment Calculator

Calculate your monthly EMI with full amortization schedule — supports prepayments, step-up EMI, interest rate changes, Financial Year view & Excel / PDF export.

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Loan Details
Enter the principal, interest rate, tenure and start date
Principal amount borrowed
Annual interest rate
Loan duration
Years or months
If left blank, schedule shows month numbers instead of dates
⇄ Interest Rate Changes

Add future rate revision events — useful for floating rate loans where the bank revises the interest rate mid-tenure.

↓ Prepayments (Date-specific)

Add lump-sum prepayments on a specific date — reduces outstanding principal and shortens tenure.

↑ Step-up EMI (Annual Increase)
% per year
Useful when income is expected to grow. EMI increases by the specified % each year, closing the loan faster and reducing total interest.
↻ Annual Prepayment (Recurring Yearly)
Applied at the end of every 12th month. Ideal for deploying annual bonuses toward faster loan closure.
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Note: This calculator uses the standard monthly reducing balance method as adopted by Indian banks. Formula: EMI = P × r × (1+r)^n / ((1+r)^n − 1). Actual repayment figures may vary based on the lender's methodology, processing charges and rate revision terms. Verify with your bank before making financial decisions.
Budget → Loan Calculator
Find the maximum loan you can afford based on your monthly budget
% p.a.
Years
Guideline: Financial planners suggest keeping total loan EMIs within 40–50% of monthly take-home income to maintain healthy cash flow.
Know Before You Borrow

Types of Loans & Documents Required

Understanding the type of loan and documents required helps you prepare faster and negotiate better terms with lenders.

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Home Loan

Taken to purchase, construct or renovate residential property. Offered by banks and HFCs with tenure up to 30 years. Interest qualifies for deduction under Section 24(b) and principal under Section 80C.

Documents Generally Required
  • KYC — Aadhaar, PAN, Passport / Voter ID
  • Income proof — Salary slips (3 months), Form 16, or ITR (2–3 years for self-employed)
  • Bank statements — last 6 months
  • Property documents — Agreement to Sale, Title Deed, Encumbrance Certificate
  • Approved building plan, NOC from society / builder
  • Processing fee cheque
🏭

Business / MSME Loan

Taken by businesses and proprietorships for working capital, equipment or expansion. Includes term loans, OD/CC facilities and government-backed schemes like CGTMSE and PMEGP.

Documents Generally Required
  • KYC of promoters — Aadhaar, PAN
  • Business registration — GST certificate, Udyam Registration, Trade Licence
  • ITR with audited financials — 2–3 years
  • Bank statements — last 12 months (current account)
  • Project report / business plan (for new ventures)
  • Collateral documents (if secured loan)
🎓

Education Loan

Funds higher education in India or abroad. Repayment begins after moratorium period (course duration + 6–12 months). Interest paid is deductible under Section 80E of the Income Tax Act.

Documents Generally Required
  • KYC of student and co-borrower (parent / guardian)
  • Admission letter from recognised institution
  • Fee structure / cost of education
  • Academic records — 10th, 12th, graduation marksheets
  • Income proof of co-borrower
  • Collateral documents (for loans above ₹7.5 lakh)
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Agriculture / Kisan Loan

Designed for farmers for crop production, equipment or land development. Includes Kisan Credit Card (KCC), short-term crop loans and long-term agriculture term loans, often at subsidised rates.

Documents Generally Required
  • KYC — Aadhaar, PAN / Voter ID
  • Land records — 7/12 extract, land ownership certificate
  • Crop details / cultivation certificate
  • Bank passbook / account statements
  • No Dues Certificate from other lenders (if applicable)
💼

Personal Loan

Unsecured loan for any personal need — medical, travel, marriage or debt consolidation. Higher interest rates (10–24% p.a.) with shorter tenure (1–5 years). No collateral required but a strong CIBIL score is essential.

Documents Generally Required
  • KYC — Aadhaar, PAN
  • Salary slips — last 3 months (salaried)
  • ITR / Bank statements (self-employed / professional)
  • Employment ID / offer letter
  • Credit score report (CIBIL 750+ preferred)
🚗

Vehicle Loan

Secured loan to purchase two-wheelers, cars, trucks or commercial vehicles. LTV typically 80–90% of on-road price. The vehicle itself serves as collateral. Tenure usually 3–7 years.

Documents Generally Required
  • KYC — Aadhaar, PAN
  • Income proof — salary slips or ITR
  • Bank statements — last 3–6 months
  • Quotation / proforma invoice from dealer
  • Driving licence (for two / four-wheeler loans)
Important: Document requirements vary across lenders and loan amounts. The above list is indicative. Always confirm exact requirements with your bank or financial institution. For professional guidance on loan planning and tax implications, consult a Chartered Accountant.
FAQs

Frequently Asked Questions

Everything you need to know about EMI, amortization and loan repayment.

What is EMI and how is it calculated?

EMI (Equated Monthly Instalment) is a fixed amount paid by a borrower to a lender every month until the loan is fully repaid. It consists of two components — the principal repayment and the interest for that month.

The standard formula used by Indian banks is:
EMI = P × r × (1+r)^n / ((1+r)^n − 1)
Where P = Principal, r = Monthly interest rate (annual rate ÷ 12 ÷ 100), n = Number of monthly instalments.

What is the difference between flat rate and reducing balance EMI?

Under the flat rate method, interest is calculated on the original loan amount throughout the tenure, resulting in a higher effective rate.

Under the reducing balance method (used by this calculator and all Indian banks), interest is calculated only on the outstanding principal each month. This is always cheaper than the flat rate method.

How does prepayment reduce my loan burden?

Prepayment reduces your outstanding principal directly. Since interest is calculated on the remaining balance, a lower principal means lower interest in subsequent months. You can either reduce your EMI (keeping tenure same) or keep EMI same and reduce tenure — the second option saves more interest overall.

This calculator assumes prepayments reduce tenure while keeping EMI constant — which is the more beneficial approach.

What is Step-up EMI and who should use it?

Step-up EMI allows you to start with a lower EMI and increase it each year (e.g., by 5% annually). This is beneficial for:

  • Young professionals expecting salary growth
  • Businesses with growing cash flows
  • Borrowers who want to manage early cash flow while closing the loan faster

Step-up EMI reduces total interest paid because the outstanding balance reduces faster in later years.

What does the Yearly View (31st March) in the schedule show?

The Yearly View shows cumulative figures as on 31st March of each financial year. This is particularly useful for:

  • Filing income tax returns — to determine interest paid during the year
  • Preparing financial statements — outstanding loan balance as on 31st March
  • Tax audit and balance sheet preparation
  • Claiming deduction under Section 24(b) for home loan interest

The closing balance shown in this view can be directly used as the loan liability figure in your balance sheet.

Can floating rate loans be modelled in this calculator?

Yes. Use the Interest Rate Changes option under Advanced Options to add the new rate and its effective date. The calculator will recompute the EMI from that date onwards on the revised outstanding balance — accurately modelling how Indian banks handle floating rate revisions.

What is CIBIL score and why does it matter for a loan?

CIBIL score is a three-digit number (300–900) that represents your creditworthiness based on your repayment history, credit utilisation and loan mix. A score of 750 and above is generally considered good and helps you secure loans at lower interest rates with faster approvals. Defaults, late payments and high credit card utilisation negatively impact your score.

Is it better to make a lump-sum prepayment or increase the EMI?

Both approaches reduce your total interest outflow. However:

  • Lump-sum prepayment — immediately reduces principal and is ideal when you receive a windfall (bonus, maturity proceeds, inheritance)
  • Increased EMI — disciplined monthly approach; reduces tenure steadily without requiring large one-time funds

For most salaried borrowers, a combination — moderate step-up EMI + annual bonus as prepayment — delivers the best outcome. This calculator lets you model both.

Professional Advice

Need Help with Loan Planning?

Our team of Chartered Accountants can help you structure your loan, assess tax benefits, plan prepayments and ensure your borrowing aligns with your financial goals.

  • Home loan interest deduction planning (Sec. 24b & 80C)
  • Business loan structuring for MSME & proprietorships
  • Loan repayment strategy & prepayment analysis
  • Balance sheet preparation & loan liability reporting
Book a Consultation
Office Address
Jatin Karda & Co., Chartered Accountants
Nagpur, Maharashtra
Phone / WhatsApp
+91 89999 30794
Email
cajatinkarda@gmail.com
Office Hours
Mon – Sat: 10:00 AM – 7:00 PM
Book Appointment
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